See herest on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hērest",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "hērest"
},
"expansion": "hērest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hēran"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative of hēran"
],
"id": "en-herest-ang-verb-hpB9UOiJ",
"links": [
[
"hēran",
"heran#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxeː.rest/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈheː.rest]"
}
],
"word": "herest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "displaced"
},
"expansion": "displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welō",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *welō",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welō",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "displaced Proto-Italic *welō",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*herjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *herjō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰr̥yéti",
"4": "*gʰeryéti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeryéti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*herjēd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *herjēd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-, though the specific details of the etymology are Uncertain. In any case, the term displaced Proto-Italic *welō in the sense \"to want.\"\nThe form herest may reflect Proto-Italic *herjō a continuation of Proto-Indo-European *gʰeryéti. Presumably, the yod would have palatalized the preceding consonant and then have been dropped, yet no orthographic trace of such a development is found, in either this term or in the related word 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis). Schrijver thus doubts the connection with a *je-present and instead opts to reconstruct an original third conjugation thematic root present *her-e-. He nevertheless considers his alternative explanation uncompelling, though still preferable to the other theory.\nRegarding the form 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad), Zair considers the simples explanation to be that it reflects *herjād, the subjunctive of a *je-present. However, he considers and then dismisses several potential alternative explanations:\n* It may reflect Proto-Italic *herjēd, perhaps a subjunctive form cognate to Umbrian 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei). However, according to Zair, the exact parallel of the Umbrian term should be rendered in Oscan as **𐌇𐌄𐌓(𐌉)𐌝𐌃 (**her(i)íd).\n* It might reflect *her-ē-ā-t, itself perhaps the subjunctive of an *ē-conjugation verb, which is also possibly continued by 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu). Yet, this theory is also marred by improper spelling—the expected outcome of such a pre-form in Oscan would be **𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌝𐌀𐌃 (**heríad), as indicated by 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌝𐌀𐌃 (pútíad).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "verb",
"3": "Third-person singular future"
},
"expansion": "herest (Third-person singular future)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Oscan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If any meddis will want to fine, it is to be allowed, provided that it is for less than half of [the defendant’s] possessions, it is to be allowed",
"ref": "c. late 2nd-early 1st century BCE, Tabula Bantina 3.17-18",
"roman": "Translation by Robrecht Decorte",
"text": "suae pis herest meddis moltaum licitud ampert mistreis aeteis eituas licitud",
"translation": "If any meddis will want to fine, it is to be allowed, provided that it is for less than half of [the defendant’s] possessions, it is to be allowed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he will want"
],
"id": "en-herest-osc-verb-19yfr1QJ",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(s)he will want"
]
}
],
"word": "herest"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hērest",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "hērest"
},
"expansion": "hērest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "hēran"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative of hēran"
],
"links": [
[
"hēran",
"heran#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxeː.rest/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈheː.rest]"
}
],
"word": "herest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"id": "yearn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "displaced"
},
"expansion": "displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welō",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *welō",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welō",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "displaced Proto-Italic *welō",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*herjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *herjō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰr̥yéti",
"4": "*gʰeryéti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeryéti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*herjēd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *herjēd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-, though the specific details of the etymology are Uncertain. In any case, the term displaced Proto-Italic *welō in the sense \"to want.\"\nThe form herest may reflect Proto-Italic *herjō a continuation of Proto-Indo-European *gʰeryéti. Presumably, the yod would have palatalized the preceding consonant and then have been dropped, yet no orthographic trace of such a development is found, in either this term or in the related word 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis). Schrijver thus doubts the connection with a *je-present and instead opts to reconstruct an original third conjugation thematic root present *her-e-. He nevertheless considers his alternative explanation uncompelling, though still preferable to the other theory.\nRegarding the form 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad), Zair considers the simples explanation to be that it reflects *herjād, the subjunctive of a *je-present. However, he considers and then dismisses several potential alternative explanations:\n* It may reflect Proto-Italic *herjēd, perhaps a subjunctive form cognate to Umbrian 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei). However, according to Zair, the exact parallel of the Umbrian term should be rendered in Oscan as **𐌇𐌄𐌓(𐌉)𐌝𐌃 (**her(i)íd).\n* It might reflect *her-ē-ā-t, itself perhaps the subjunctive of an *ē-conjugation verb, which is also possibly continued by 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu). Yet, this theory is also marred by improper spelling—the expected outcome of such a pre-form in Oscan would be **𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌝𐌀𐌃 (**heríad), as indicated by 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌝𐌀𐌃 (pútíad).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "verb",
"3": "Third-person singular future"
},
"expansion": "herest (Third-person singular future)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Oscan entries with incorrect language header",
"Oscan lemmas",
"Oscan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Oscan terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Oscan terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- (yearn)",
"Oscan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Oscan terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Oscan terms with quotations",
"Oscan terms with unknown etymologies",
"Oscan verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If any meddis will want to fine, it is to be allowed, provided that it is for less than half of [the defendant’s] possessions, it is to be allowed",
"ref": "c. late 2nd-early 1st century BCE, Tabula Bantina 3.17-18",
"roman": "Translation by Robrecht Decorte",
"text": "suae pis herest meddis moltaum licitud ampert mistreis aeteis eituas licitud",
"translation": "If any meddis will want to fine, it is to be allowed, provided that it is for less than half of [the defendant’s] possessions, it is to be allowed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he will want"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(s)he will want"
]
}
],
"word": "herest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for herest meaning in All languages combined (5.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Third-person singular future",
"path": [
"herest"
],
"section": "Oscan",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "herest",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: s",
"path": [
"herest"
],
"section": "Oscan",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "herest",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: s",
"path": [
"herest"
],
"section": "Oscan",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "herest",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.